I just did a quick google and found this:
http://www.k0to.us/HAM/Articles/Appl...te%20171-1.pdf
I think I can replicate this setup here at home so it might be fun to try it and compare to the 2 port method on a VNA. When I tested with the VNA I used both a mechanical set of standards and also a $$$ Ecal module I have here and this lets me export a 2 port model of the crystal to an RF simulator on a PC. This method will have various contributors to overall uncertainty but it is very powerful. I got excellent agreement with the mechanical calibration and with the snazzy 4 port Ecal module that came with my VNA. But the VNA method isn't going to be a perfect test method by any means.
Hope this isn't taking things too far off topic and I hope it is of interest. I need to read the HP article in some detail so I'm off to get some biscuits and a can of coke.