Nice find!
A quick search reveals it was introduced in 1969. The display appears to be a vacuum fluorescent tube, not Nixie tubes. Nixies have an orange glow. VFDs are usually blue or green.
History of Sharp calculators, including the CS-18D translated from Japanese:
https://translate.google.com/transla...pd/sharpd.html
And this page in German also has your model:
https://www.schlepptops.de/wiki/inde...e=Sharp_CS-18D
The Japanese page suggests that Sharp switched from using nixie tube displays to a newly-developed fluorescent display in their previous model CS-16D. This was because an American company (Burroughs) held the patents to the Nixie tube. Licensing fees were high, and Burroughs imposed a condition of license that meant Sharp could not export their Nixie tube calculators to the USA.
I'm guessing that the = key also doubles as 'add'. For example, if you typed 60=17= you would see the equivalent of 60+17=77 on the display.